بررسی پارامترهای مؤثر در سیستم پکینگ‌ محور‌ چرخشی و مرور تأثیر آن‌ها بر طراحی آب‌بند بر اساس شرایط کاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
3 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه امام حسین، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در این پژوهش به بررسی پارامترهای مؤثر بر آب‌بند از نوع پکینگ و طراحی آن‌ها به‌منظور آب‌بندی مؤثر محورهای چرخشی در سیستم‌های مکانیکی پرداخته شده است. آب‌بندها به‌عنوان اجزای حیاتی در جلوگیری از نشت سیالات و ذرات خارجی، نقش کلیدی در افزایش قابلیت اطمینان تجهیزات ایفا می‌کنند. انتخاب مواد و ساختار پکینگ‌ها تحت تأثیر پارامترهای عملیاتی نظیر فشار، دما، سرعت چرخش محور و نوع سیال (خورنده، ساینده یا خنثی) قرار دارد. در این مطالعه، انواع پکینگ‌ها شامل پکینگ‌های بافته‌شده، الیاف آرامید و پکینگ‌های مجهز به حلقه فانوسی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. استفاده از مواد پیشرفته مانند گرافیت، پلی‌تترافلوئورواتیلن و الیاف مصنوعی به دلیل مقاومت بالا در برابر سایش، خوردگی و دمای بالا، به‌عنوان راهکاری مؤثر در صنایع چالش‌برانگیزی نظیر نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی معرفی شده‌اند. در این تحقیق رابطه بین فشار گلندی برحسب طول آب‌بندی و تعداد حلقه‌های آب‌بند ارائه شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که طراحی‌های نوین مانند پکینگ‌های با فنر و حلقه فانوسی، با اعمال فشار اولیه کنترل‌شده و تزریق روان‌ساز، عملکرد آب‌بندی را در شرایط دشوار تا حد زیادی بهبود می‌بخشند. همچنین، پکینگ‌های کامپوزیتی با توزیع یکنواخت تنش، اصطکاک و سایش شافت را کاهش می‌دهند. بااین‌حال، چالش‌هایی نظیر نیاز به بهینه‌سازی در محیط‌های با نوسانات فشار بالا و محدودیت در کاربرد صنعتی مواد نوین باقی است. این پژوهش پیشنهاد می‌کند توسعه مواد هوشمند، بهینه‌سازی هندسی و استفاده از گرافن در تحقیقات آینده مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigation of Effective Parameters in the Sealing System of Rotating Shaft Packings Based on Operational Conditions

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Morshedzade 1
Mojtaba Sheikhi Azqandi 2
Seyyed Esmaeil Hosseini 3
1 1. M.Sc, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 2. Associate professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 3. M.Sc, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

This study has investigated the parameters influencing packing-type seals and their design for effective sealing of rotating shafts in mechanical systems. Seals serve as critical components in preventing fluid leakage and ingress of foreign particles, playing a key role in enhancing equipment reliability. The selection of packing materials and structures is influenced by operational parameters such as pressure, temperature, rotational speed, and fluid type (corrosive, abrasive, or neutral). In this research, various packing types, including braided packings, aramid fiber packings, and lantern ring-equipped packings, are analyzed. The use of advanced materials such as graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and synthetic fibers, known for their high resistance to wear, corrosion, and elevated temperatures, is highlighted as an effective solution in demanding industries such as oil, gas, and petrochemicals. This study presents the relationship between gland pressure as a function of sealing length and the number of sealing rings. The results indicate that modern designs, such as spring-loaded packings and lantern ring-integrated systems, improve sealing performance under harsh conditions by applying controlled initial pressure and lubricant injection. Additionally, composite packings with uniform stress distribution reduce shaft friction and wear. However, challenges such as the need for optimization in high-pressure fluctuation environments and limitations in the industrial application of novel materials remain. This research proposes that future studies focus on developing smart materials, geometric optimization, and incorporating graphene.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Seal
Rotating Shafts
Industrial Packings
Smart Materials
Optimal Design

اصل مقاله 

[1] R. K. Flitney, Seals and Sealing Handbook, 6th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014.
[2] K. Van Der Wal, R. A. van Ostayen, and S. G. Lampaert, "Ferrofluid rotary seal with replenishment system for sealing liquids," Tribol. Int., vol. 150, p. 106372, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106372.
[3] X. Li, Z. Li, B. Zhu, J. Cheng, W. Li, and J. Yuan, "Optimal design of large gap magnetic fluid sealing device in a liquid environment," J. Magn. Magn. Mater. vol. 540, p. 168472, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2021.168472.
[4] M. Szczęch and K. Raj, "Design and analysis of combined standard ferrofluid and centrifugal seals," Ind. Lubr. Tribol., vol. 75, no. 10, pp. 1229–1235, 2023, doi: 10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0221.
[5] I. B. Djemaa, S. Auguste, W. Drenckhan-Andreatta, and S. Andrieux, "Hydrogel foams from liquid foam templates: Properties and optimisation," Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 294, p. 102478, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102478.
[6] L. Hu, Y. Yang, W. Yu, and L. Xu, "Hydrogels for Lubrication: Synthesis, Properties, Mechanism, and Challenges," Lubricants, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 186, 2024, doi: 10.3390/lubricants12060186.
[7] S. Bashir et al., "Fundamental concepts of hydrogels: Synthesis, properties, and their applications," Polymers, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 2702, 2020, doi: 10.3390/polym12112702.
[8] M. Morshedzadeh and M. Sheikhi Azqandi, "Investigation and Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Response of Hydrogels in Smart Systems Based on the Type of Stimulus," in 1151-ICME2025, 2025. (in Persian)
[9] N. Reeh, G. Manthei, and P. J. Klar, "Soft sensor technology for the determination of mechanical seal friction power performance," Appl. Syst. Innov., vol. 7, no. 3, p. 39, 2024, doi: 10.3390/asi7030039.
[10] T. He, Q. Zhang, Y. Yan, J. Dong, and P. Zhou, "Numerical simulation of a new designed mechanical seals with spiral groove structures," Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 70, 2023, doi: 10.3390/lubricants11020070.
[11] M. Rahimpour, A. Samadani, and S. Akbarzadeh, "Application of Load-Sharing Concept to Mechanical Seals," Lubricants, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 266, 2023, doi: 10.3390/lubricants11060266.
[12] Y. Takigahira, Y. Maetani, M. Ito, N. Uemura, and K. Ohashi, "Study on Additively Manufactured Mechanical Seal (Part 1) Numerical Analysis and Experimental Study on Static Characteristics," Tribol. Online, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 306–317, 2022, doi: 10.2474/trol.17.306.
[13] A. S. Medjahed, A. Blouin, B. Pap, and N. Brunetière, "Simulation of air ingestion in a mechanical seal with inward pumping spiral grooves," J. Tribol., vol. 145, no. 11, 2023, doi: 10.1115/1.4062899.
[14] V. Lamei, "Theoretical-Experimental Investigation of the Development of Mechanical Seal Manufacturing Technology," Iran Univ. Sci. Technol., Tehran, 1997. (in Persian)
[15] J. L. Thomson, "Packed glands for high pressures: an analysis of fundamentals," Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., vol. 172, no. 1, pp. 471–486, 1958, doi: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1958_172_041_02.
[16] Fluid Sealing Association & European Sealing Association, Compression packing: Technical manual, 4th ed., 2018.
[17] B. D. Halligan, "Seals for Fluid Power Equipment Part Three Compression Packings," Tribol. Ser., vol. 8, pp. 370–392, 1983, doi: 10.1016/S0167-8922(08)70706-5.
[18] H. Muller, Fluid sealing technology: principles and applications. Routledge, 2019.
[19] J. L. Thomson, "A Theory of Sealing with Particular Reference to the Packed Stuffing Box," in Int. Conf. on Fluid Sealing, British Hydromechanics Research Association, Paper B1, 1961.
[20] D. F. Denny and D. E. Turnbull, "Sealing characteristics of stuffing-box seals for rotating shafts," Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., vol. 174, no. 1, pp. 271–291, 1960, doi: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1960_174_027_02.
[21] S. H. Yousefi, R. Ashrafi, and S. Golaei, "The effect of pressure and friction coefficient in gland packing design," in Second National Conference on Manufacturing Engineering, Islamic Azad Univ., Najafabad Branch, Iran, Oct.–Nov. 2009. (in Persian)
[22] F. Azimpour-Shishevan, M. A. Mohtadi-Bonab, H. Akbulut, and B. Rahmatinejad, "Low velocity impact behavior of twill basalt/epoxy composites modified by graphene nanoparticles," J. Compos. Mater., vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 1379–1394, 2023, doi: 10.1177/00219983231154484.
[23] F. Azimpour-Shishevan, M. A. Mohtadi-Bonab, and B. Rahmatinejad, "The effects of graphene oxide addition on low velocity impact performance of aramid fiber reinforced epoxy composites," J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 141, no. 3, e54832, 2024, doi: 10.1002/app.54832.
[24] E. Staaf, "A review of the properties of expanded graphite and selected forms of PTFE as alternatives to asbestos in a sealing role," in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on Fluid Sealing, Paper D1, BHRA, Sept. 1978.
[25] M. Sheikhi Azqandi, "A Novel Hybrid Genetic Modified Colliding Bodies Optimization for Designing of Composite Laminates," Mech. Adv. Compos. Struct., vol. 8, pp. 203–212, 2021, doi: 10.22075/macs.2020.20281.1254.
[26] D. Harrison, B. Kirkman, E. Smith, and M. J. Billington, "Evaluation of graphite valve packings to reduce fugitive emissions on hydrocarbon duties," in Valves and Actuators Int. Conf., ITC, Manchester, UK, Sept. 1994.
[27] C. M. Allen and W. G. Rieder, "Performance of a Modified Packed-Gland Seal," 1968.
[28] Eagle Burgmann, Compression Packing, Product Catalog. 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.eagleburgmann.com
 
 

فایل‌های تکمیلی/اضافی

  • تاریخ دریافت 04 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 29 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 04 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 04 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 تیر 1404