تأثیر سوراخ‌های شیاردار استوانه‌ای بر عملکرد خستگی چرخ‌های جرثقیل سقفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی

نویسندگان
کارشناسی ارشد، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
جرثقیل‌های سقفی کاربرد گسترده‌ای در صنایع دارند و در میان اجزای مختلف آن‌ها، چرخ‌ها نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در عملکرد سامانه داشته و بالاترین نرخ خرابی را به خود اختصاص می‌دهند. با توجه به اینکه این چرخ‌ها تحت شرایط بارگذاری دینامیکی قرار دارند، خستگی مکانیسم اصلی کنترل‌کننده خرابی و سایش آن‌ها است. در این تحقیق، تأثیر افزودن سوراخ‌های شیاردار استوانه‌ای به بدنه چرخ، بر توزیع تنش استاتیکی و عمر خستگی چرخ موردبررسی قرار گرفت. هدف، به حداکثر رساندن قطر سوراخ بود تا ضمن حفظ عملکرد قابل‌قبول و عمر خستگی در پارامترهای مجاز، مصرف مواد و هزینه‌های ساخت به حداقل برسد. یک چرخ جرثقیل سقفی با ظرفیت اسمی ۶۰ تن برای این بررسی انتخاب شد. بارگذاری استاتیکی روی چرخ با استفاده از روش اجزای محدود شبیه‌سازی شد تا تنش مؤثر و ضرایب ایمنی استاتیکی در نواحی افزودن سوراخ‌ها تعیین شود. برای اعتبارسنجی نتایج عددی، آزمون‌های بارگذاری تجربی نیز بر روی چرخ جرثقیل انجام شد. متعاقباً، با استفاده از خروجی‌های شبیه‌سازی بارگذاری، تحلیل خستگی به‌صورت عددی و با استفاده از معیار دنگ ون انجام شد تا ضریب اطمینان خستگی چرخ تعیین گردد. این فرایند برای سوراخ‌های شیاردار استوانه‌ای با قطرهای ۱۰ تا ۷۰ میلی‌متر تکرار شد. علاوه بر این، الزامات استاندارهای بین‌المللی برای طراحی جرثقیل سقفی نیز لحاظ گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهند که برای یک چرخ از جنس فولاد AISI 1045 تحت شرایط بارگذاری مشخص‌شده، حداکثر قطر سوراخ بهینه ۳۳ میلی‌متر قابل‌دستیابی است. این هندسه کاهش 8/9 درصدی در مصرف مواد را به همراه دارد، درحالی‌که ایمنی و عملکرد مکانیکی حفظ می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Influence of cylindrical slotted holes on the fatigue performance of overhead crane wheels

نویسندگان English

Amir Hessam Feizi
Danyal Foroughniya
Msc, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Overhead cranes are widely used in industrial applications, and among their components, wheels exhibit the highest failure rates due to severe operating conditions. These wheels are subjected to dynamic and cyclic loading, making fatigue the dominant failure mechanism governing their service life. This study investigates the influence of adding cylindrical slotted holes to the wheel wall on static stress distribution and fatigue performance, with the aim of reducing material consumption while ensuring structural safety. A 60-ton nominal capacity overhead crane wheel was selected as the case study. Static loading conditions were simulated using the finite element method (FEM) to determine stress levels and static safety factors in the regions surrounding the holes. The numerical results were validated through experimental load testing. Based on the static analysis results, fatigue behavior was evaluated numerically using the Dang Van multiaxial fatigue criterion. Cylindrical slotted holes with diameters ranging from 10 to 70 mm were investigated, while relevant international design standards were taken into account. The results indicate that for an AISI 1045 steel wheel under the specified loading conditions, a maximum hole diameter of 33 mm can be adopted, leading to a material reduction of approximately 9.8% without compromising static strength or fatigue safety.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Overhead Crane
Fatigue Analysis
FEM
Optimization
Dang Van Method
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  • تاریخ دریافت 13 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 19 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 19 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 مرداد 1405