مدل‌سازی و مقایسه خواص مکانیکی ساختارهای متخلخل مینیمال شوارز پی، الماسی و ژیروید

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی

نویسندگان
پوریا ترابی 1
علی حسن آبادی 2
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
10.22034/stme.2025.513905.1114
چکیده
این پژوهش به مدل‌سازی، چاپ سه‌بعدی و ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی ساختارهای متخلخل مبتنی بر سطوح مینیمال شوارز پی، الماسی و ژیروید پرداخته است که به ‌دلیل ویژگی‌های هندسی و مکانیکی استثنایی خود، در کاربردهای صنعتی و پزشکی پتانسیل به‌کارگیری بالایی دارند. در این مطالعه، سطوح مورد نظر با استفاده از معادلات ریاضی در نرم‌افزار MATLAB مدل‌سازی شده و فایل STL تولیدی به نرم‌افزارهای CAD منتقل گردید تا مراحل مدل‌سازی تکمیل شود. این فرایند با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای پایه و رایج به‌راحتی قابل پیاده‌سازی است. سپس ساختارهای ایجادشده با روش پرینت سه‌بعدی رسوب ذوب‌شده (FDM) تولیدشده و خواص مکانیکی آن‌ها از طریق آزمون فشار شبه‌استاتیک مطابق با استاندارد ASTM D695 ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ساختار شوارز پی نسبت به ساختارهای ژیروید و الماسی مقاومت بیشتری در برابر بارگذاری فشاری از خود نشان می‌دهد به‌نحوی‌که نیروی تحمل شده توسط این ساختار در بعضی کرنش‌ها حدود 75 درصد و انرژی کلی جذب‌شده در انتهای آزمون فشار، حدود 40 درصد بیشتر از دو ساختار دیگر بوده است. نوآوری این تحقیق در معرفی روشی ساده و کاربردی برای مدل‌سازی دقیق سطوح پیچیده مینیمال و ارزیابی خواص مکانیکی ساختارهای متخلخل با استفاده از ابزارهای رایج است که می‌تواند به بهبود فرآیندهای طراحی و تولید در صنایع مختلف کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
ساختارهای متخلخل
پرینت سه ‌بعدی
شوارز پی
شوارز الماسی
شوارز ژیروید
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Modeling and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Porous Minimal Structures of Schwarz P, Diamond and Gyriod

نویسندگان English

Porya Torabi 1
Ali Hasanabadi 2
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده English

This study focuses on modeling, 3D printing, and evaluating the mechanical properties of porous structures based on minimal surfaces: Schwarz P, diamond, and gyroid. Due to their exceptional geometric and mechanical properties, these structures have high potential in industrial and medical applications. In this study, the desired surfaces were modeled using mathematical equations in MATLAB, and the resulting STL file was transferred to CAD software to complete the modeling process. This procedure can be easily implemented using basic and commonly available software. The created structures were then fabricated using the FDM 3D printing method, and their mechanical properties were evaluated through quasi-static compression testing in accordance with ASTM D695 standards. The results indicated that the Schwarz P structure exhibited greater resistance to compressive loading compared to the gyroid and diamond structures in such a way that the force tolerated by this structure at some strains was about 75 percent and the total energy absorbed at the end of the compression test was about 40 percent higher than the other two structures. The innovation of this research lies in introducing a simple and practical method for accurately modeling complex minimal surfaces and evaluating the mechanical properties of porous structures using widely accessible tools. This method can significantly contribute to improving design and manufacturing processes in various industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Porous structures
3D printing؛ Minimal surface
Schwarz primitive؛ Schwarz diamond؛ Schwarz gyroid

اصل مقاله

‏[1] W. Chen, L. Gan, and J. Huang, "Design, manufacturing and functions of pore-structured materials: from biomimetics to artificial," Biomimetics, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 140, 2023, doi: 10.3390/biomimetics8020140.
[2] Z. Chen et al., "Understanding porous materials with pair distribution functions," Cell Rep. Phys. Sci., vol. 4, no. 12, p. 101681, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101681.
[3] K. Yeranee and Y. Rao, "A review of recent investigations on flow and heat transfer enhancement in cooling channels embedded with triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)," Energies, vol. 15, no. 23, p. 8994, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15238994.
[4] S. Zou et al., "Mechanical and biological properties of enhanced porous scaffolds based on triply periodic minimal surfaces," Mater. Des., vol. 219, p. 110803, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110803.
[5] M. Zhang et al., "Study on the anisotropy of triply periodic minimal surface porous structures," Coatings, vol. 13, no. 7, p. 1206, 2023, doi: 10.3390/coatings13071206.
[6] C. Yan et al., "Design of TPMS structures," in Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattices Additive Manufacturing by Selective Laser Melting. Elsevier, 2021, pp. 27–38, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-824438-8.00002-9.
[7] I. Gibson, D. Rosen, and B. Stucker, "Direct digital manufacturing," in Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing, 2nd ed. Springer, 2015, pp. 375–397, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3_16.
[8] Y. Cui, A. K. Gain, L. Zhang, and Z. Li, "Manufacture and property characterization of interconnected pore-gradient TPMS materials," Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 892, p. 146100, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.146100.
[9] S. Hussain, A. Nazir, S. Waqar, U. Ali, and O. Gokcekaya, "Effect of additive manufactured hybrid and functionally graded novel designed cellular lattice structures on mechanical and failure properties," Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 128, no. 11–12, pp. 4873–4891, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s00170-023-12201-7.
[10] K. M. Gide and Z. S. Bagheri, "Mechanical behavior and material modeling of fused filament fabricated PEEK based on TPMS lattices: a comparative study," Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 134, no. 5, pp. 2765–2780, 2024, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4320202/v1.
[11] C. Iandiorio et al., "The beneficial effect of a TPMS-based fillet shape on the mechanical strength of metal cubic lattice structures," Materials, vol. 17, no. 7, p. 1553, 2024, doi: 10.3390/ma17071553.
[12] O. Al-Ketan, D.-W. Lee, R. Rowshan, and R. K. A. Al-Rub, "Functionally graded and multi-morphology sheet TPMS lattices: Design, manufacturing, and mechanical properties," J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., vol. 102, p. 103520, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103520.
[13] A. I. Ansari, N. A. Sheikh, and N. Kumar, "Evaluation of the energy absorbing capacity of the two combinations of TPMS structure subjected to different compressive strain rates," J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., vol. 46, no. 6, p. 334, 2024, doi: 10.1007/s40430-024-04925-8.
[14] S. Ibrahimi, L. D’Andrea, D. Gastaldi, M. W. Rivolta, and P. Vena, "Machine learning approaches for the design of biomechanically compatible bone tissue engineering scaffolds," Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., vol. 423, p. 116842, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.116842.
[15] A. Ebrahimzadeh Dehaghani, Z. Javanbakht, M. Barzan, D. G. Lloyd, and S. Feih, "Multifunctional design of triply periodic minimal surface structures for temporary pediatric fixation devices," Adv. Eng. Mater., p. 2400518, 2024, doi: 10.1002/adem.202400518.
[16] Y.-Z. Chen et al., "An efficient parameterized neural network enhanced multiscale finite element modeling for triply periodic minimal surface meta-structures and its applications for femur," J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 30, pp. 6176–6194, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.05.023.
[17] M. Mamuti, L. Chao, and Z. Tian, "Analysis of mechanical characteristics and permeability of TPMS and Voronoi porous structure for bone scaffold," Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng., pp. 1–14, 2024, doi: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2358378.
[18] W. Huang et al., "Thermal-hydraulic performance of TPMS-based regenerators in combined cycle aero-engine," Appl. Therm. Eng., p. 123510, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123510.
[19] S. M. B. Mirafzali and A. Hasanabadi, "Investigating the energy absorption quality of the porous Schwarz P structure made by 3D printing method," Iran. J. Manuf. Eng., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 13–20, 2023, doi: 10.22034/IJME.2023.383269.1744 (in Persian).
[20] Z. Hooshmand-Ahoor, H. Luo, and K. Danas, "M-Voronoi and other random open and closed-cell elasto-plastic cellular materials: Geometry generation and numerical study at small and large strains," Int. J. Solids Struct., vol. 290, p. 112680, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2024.112680.
[21] M.-T. Hsieh and L. Valdevit, "Minisurf – A minimal surface generator for finite element modeling and additive manufacturing," Software Impacts, vol. 6, p. 100026, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.simpa.2020.100026.
[22] G. Chouhan and B. Gunji, "Additive manufacturing TPMS lattice structures: Experimental study on airflow resistivity," Results Mater., vol. 20, p. 100478, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100478.
[23] C. Lu, L. A. Lesmana, F. Chen, and M. Aziz, "MD-TPMS: Multi-dimensional gradient minimal surface generator," Software Impacts, vol. 17, p. 100527, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.simpa.2023.100527.
[24] A. Hasanabadi, "Microstructure design of heterogeneous material using multisided patch," Iran. J. Manuf. Eng., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 32–40, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.iranjme.ir/article_131941.html (in Persian).
[25] K. Q. Tran, T.-D. Hoang, J. Lee, and H. Nguyen-Xuan, "Three novel computational modeling frameworks of 3D-printed graphene platelets reinforced functionally graded triply periodic minimal surface (GPLR-FG-TPMS) plates," Appl. Math. Model., vol. 126, pp. 667–697, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2023.10.043.
[26] M. Afshar, A. P. Anaraki, and H. Montazerian, "Compressive characteristics of radially graded porosity scaffolds architectured with minimal surfaces," Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 92, pp. 254–267, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.051.
[27] A. Hasanabadi, "Construction of porous multiscale heterogeneous microstructures using statistical correlation functions and minimal surfaces," J. Solid Mech., vol. 14, no. 4, 2022, doi: 10.22034/jsm.2021.1921437.1674.
[28] A. Ehsani Nezhad, A. Hasanabadi, and M. Sheikhi Azqandi, "3D printing of voxel-based structures by direct creation of STL file format," Iran. J. Manuf. Eng., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 29–41, 2024, doi: 10.22034/IJME.2024.457932.1960 (in Persian).
[29] H. A. Schwarz, Gesammelte Mathematische Abhandlungen. Providence, RI, USA: American Mathematical Society, 1972. [Online]. Available: https://archive.org/details/gesammeltemathe00schwgoog.
[30] A. H. Schoen, Infinite Periodic Minimal Surfaces Without Self-Intersections. Washington, DC, USA: NASA, 1970. [Online]. Available: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700020472.
[31] C. Lu, L. A. Lesmana, F. Chen, and M. Aziz, "MD-TPMS: Multi-dimensional gradient minimal surface generator," Software Impacts, vol. 17, p. 100527, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.simpa.2023.100527.
[32] S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, "Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications—A comprehensive review," Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.012.
[33] A. Lanzotti, M. Grasso, G. Staiano, and M. Martorelli, "The impact of process parameters on mechanical properties of parts fabricated in PLA with an open-source 3-D printer," Rapid Prototyp. J., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 604–617, 2015, doi: 10.1108/RPJ-09-2014-0135.
[34] B. Tymrak, M. Kreiger, and J. M. Pearce, "Mechanical properties of components fabricated with open-source 3-D printers under realistic environmental conditions," Mater. Des., vol. 58, pp. 242–246, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.038.
[35] M. Q. Tanveer, G. Mishra, S. Mishra, and R. Sharma, "Effect of infill pattern and infill density on mechanical behaviour of FDM 3D printed parts—A current review," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 62, pp. 100–108, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.310.
[36] M. Doshi, A. Mahale, S. K. Singh, and S. Deshmukh, "Printing parameters and materials affecting mechanical properties of FDM-3D printed parts: Perspective and prospects," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 50, pp. 2269–2275, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.003.
[37] M. Eryildiz, "The effects of infill patterns on the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA parts fabricated by FDM," Ukr. J. Mech. Eng. Mater. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1–2, pp. 1–8, 2021, doi: 10.23939/ujmems2021.01-02.001.
[38] T. C. Seem et al., "Twin screw granulation—A literature review," Powder Technol., vol. 276, pp. 89–102, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.01.075.
[39] C. Cardona, A. H. Curdes, and A. J. Isaacs, "Effects of filament diameter tolerances in fused filament fabrication," IU J. Undergrad. Res., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 44–47, 2016, doi: 10.14434/iujur.v2i1.20917.
[40] L. J. Gibson and M. F. Ashby, Cellular Solids: Structure and Properties, 2nd ed., Cambridge Solid State Science Series. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997, doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139878326.
[41] S. A. Oudah, H. B. Al-Attraqchi, and N. A. Nassir, "The effect of process parameters on the compression property of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene produced by 3D printer," Eng. Technol. J., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 189–194, 2022, doi: 10.30684/etj.v40i1.2118.
[42] A. Alizadeh, M. Heydaribeni, R. Soltani Bidar, and J. Eskandari Jam, "Manufacturing and mechanical properties of copper alloy matrix composites reinforced with micron diamond particles," Sci. Technol. Mech. Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 117–132, 2024, doi: 10.22034/stme.2024.471009.1068 (in Persian).
[43] P. Pirali, M. Heydaribeni, S. M. R. Ghaderi, and J. Eskandari Jam, "Numerical and experimental investigation of square profile filled with aluminum foam under lateral and axial impact," Sci. Technol. Mech. Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 23–42, 2024, doi: 10.22034/stme.2024.471012.1069 (in Persian).
 
 

XML
اصل مقاله 2.61 M
فایل‌های تکمیلی/اضافی
پذیرش مقاله 1114.pdf

  • تاریخ دریافت 05 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 16 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 28 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 تیر 1404